Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Negro Artist And The Racial Mountain The Manifesto...

Bowen 7 Sunteasja Bowen Harlem Renaissance Dr. Bracks 2 March 2017 The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain: The Manifesto for Artists of the Harlem Renaissance The Norton Anthology of African American Literature suggests that the Harlem Renaissance was the â€Å"irresistible impulse of blacks to create boldly expressive art of a high quality as a primary response to their social conditions, as an affirmation of their dignity and humanity in the face of poverty and racism† (953). The Harlem Renaissance was known as the rebirth of music, drama, dance, literature, and art for African Americans from 1919-1940. During this time, Black Americans found themselves longing to gain acceptance from their own. Blacks needed to create art and literature†¦show more content†¦The poet in Hughes’ essay says that he only wants to be a poet. He did not want to be associated with race. Hughes took that as meaning that he did not want to be a negro poet. Hughes associated this need with the fact that he was of a middle-class family and taught to act white. This essentially disconnected the poet from his blackness and his purpose for cre ating high quality black art. â€Å"One sees immediately how difficult it would be for an artist born in such a home to interest himself in interpreting the beauty of his own people. He is never taught to see that beauty. He is taught rather not to see it, or if he does, to be ashamed of it when it is not according to Caucasian patterns† (1311). Once a person chooses to dissociate themselves from their heritage, it becomes almost impossible to create art meaningful for that race. Because Hughes had his own personal vindications with race and class systems, Pardlo believes this is why he was quick to condemn others who openly voiced differing opinions; however, Hughes played a vital role in the advancement of black Americans during the Harlem Renaissance for this very reason. Hughes, for the sake of the advancement of blacks, critiqued artists for their positions and involvement, or lack thereof, in the Harlem Renaissance. Furthermore, not everyone believed in what the Harlem Renaissance stood for. Artists such as George Schuyler, for example, directly opposed the general view of the African American community’sShow MoreRelatedThe Negro Speaks Of Rivers1548 Words   |  7 Pagesprimary contributor to the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. After moving from several cities, Hughes and his mother finally settled in Cleveland, Ohio. During this time, Hughes began to write poetry. One of his teachers introduced him to the poetry of Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman, both whom Hughes would later cite as primary influences. By the time Hughes was enrolled at Columbia University in New York, he had already launched his literary career with his poem â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers† in theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1792 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribes the pitiful rations of food received by the enslaved. 3. Explain the following regarding the Harlem Renaissance (1919-1940) Definition- Harlem Renaissance, a cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanned the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the New Negro Movement, named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. ... The Harlem Renaissance was considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts. Black artist’s common goal- The black artist’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes And His Harlem Dream1639 Words   |  7 Pagesand His Harlem Dream The 1900s found many African Americans migrating from the south to north of the United States in an event called the Great Migration. Many Southern African-Americans migrated to a place called Harlem and this is where the Harlem renaissance originated from. The Harlem renaissance began just after the first world war and lasted into the early years of the great depression. Harlem became the cynosure for blues and jazz and birthed forth a Negro Artist era called the Harlem RenaissanceRead More Langston Hughes, Prolific Writer Of Black Pride During The Harlem Renaissance1658 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes was one of those black leaders who arose during the Harlem Renaissance. He gave his people a voice and encouraged pride and hope through his literary work, to overcome racial discrimination. Langston Hughes lived during the time of the Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural movement of the early 1920s and 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. It also came to be known as the New Negro movement, marked the first time that mainstream publishers andRead MoreLangston Hughes, Prolific Writer of Black Pride During the Harlem Renaissance1694 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes was one of those black leaders who arose during the Harlem Renaissance. He gave his people a voice and encouraged pride and hope through his literary work, to overcome racial discrimination. Langston Hughes lived during the time of the Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural movement of the early 1920s and 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. It also came to be known as the New Negro movement, marked the first time that mainstream publishers andRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance- a Black Cultural Revolution2021 Words   |  9 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance- A Black Cultural Revolution James Weldon Johnson once said that Harlem is indeed the great Mecca for the sight-seer; the pleasure seeker, the curious, the adventurous, the enterprising, the ambitious and the talented of the whole Negro world.(Harlem Renaissance) When one thinks of the Harlem Renaissance, one thinks of the great explosion of creativity bursting from the talented minds of African-Americans in the 1920s. Although principally thought of as an African-AmericanRead MoreLangston Hughes And His Harlem Dream1902 Words   |  8 PagesLangston Hughes and His Harlem Dream An explosion of written and artistic creativity, a time of social awareness and enlightenment among the black race. The Harlem Renaissance, originally known as ‘The New Negro Movement’, began after the first world war and lasted until the middle of the 1930’s depression. Harlem became a destination for African Americans throughout the early 1900’s as part of the great migration. As more blacks made Harlem their home, it increasingly became well known as an AfricanRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance s Influence On People s Views On African American Lifestyles Through Poetry Essay2428 Words   |  10 Pagesdiscrimination and segregation was still widely accepted and practiced. Life was much different back then. Although people were heavily being judged for the color of their skin, a movement called the Harlem Renaissance had a major influence on people’s views on African-Americans across the United States. The Harlem Renaissance created a new Black cultu ral identity through literature, music, theater, art, and politics. One of the leading voices was Langston Hughes, a writer whom wrote realistic portrayals, bothRead MoreHarlem Renaissance3262 Words   |  14 PagesHarlem Renaissance, a blossoming (c. 1918–37) of African American culture, particularly in the creative arts, and the most influential movement in African American literary history. Embracing literary, musical, theatrical, and visual arts, participants sought to reconceptualize â€Å"the Negro† apart from the white stereotypes that had influenced black peoples’ relationship to their heritage and to each other. They also sought to break free of Victorian moral values and bourgeois shame about aspects ofRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes? Influence on American Literature1422 Words   |  6 Pagescontributions to following generations by writing about African American issues in creative ways including the use of blues and jazz. Langston Hughes captured the scene of Harlem life in the early 20th century significantly influencing American Literature. He once explained that his writing was an attempt to â€Å"explain and illuminate the Negro condition in America† (Daniel 760). To fulfill this task, he wrote 15 volumes of poetry, six novels, three books, 11 plays, and a variety of non-fiction work (Daniel

Friday, December 20, 2019

Achilles Moral Guide Or Moral Taboo - 1572 Words

Achilles: Moral Guide? Or Moral Taboo? In the modern world we are surrounded by technology and as a result the buzzing of television sets, computers monitors, and cellular devices continuously fills the air to the point that it almost seems to consume us. With this technology we stay connected through social media, text, email one another, go to school, do our jobs, and even grocery shop. Though this technology is fairly new our dependency on these devices has grown rapidly recently and is still continuously growing more and more every day. As a result of our transition to becoming the technological society we are today we have to realize we have let it transform not only how we do things and stay connected to one another, but how we see the world in general, and even how we set our moral standards. In fact, it has changed our society so rapidly that I frequently find myself asking how does our societies moral standards compare to that of those in the ancient times. When I say ancient I don’t mean a few hundred ye ars. I mean back when some of the greatest pieces of technology available where considered the wheel, the chariot and trench irrigation instead of the 3-D printers, and touch screen devices we have in the 21st century, and back when bloody wars were fought for honor and land instead of the to the death battle for cell phone signal you see in everyday America. Nevertheless, despite these constant thoughts popping into my head I never truly searched for an answer toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Buffy the Vampire Slayer5067 Words   |  21 Pagesknowledge of books and his appetite for them, his strength is also typically his weakness, as his predicament in Nightmares (1:10) shows. His anguished though characteristically understated call, Im having a problem. I - I cant read, points to his Achilles heel. In the first three series of the show taking place in Sunnydale High, Giless lair is the library. After Buffy enrols in university, Giless bachelor flat becomes the de-facto library of the Scooby Gang. His bookishness defines him and

Thursday, December 12, 2019

The Importance of Effective Communication

Questions Discuss about the The Importance of Effective Communication. Answer: Introduction Understanding ones own personal communication skills and biases according to Segal E.A, is self-awareness. Self-awareness is essential and enables one to know oneself and be aware of ones own values, assumptions, beliefs, strengths, and weakness. A greater insight into other kind of life experience and an increased openness to other ways of thinking could be achieved with increased self-awareness. One can achieve effective communication skills and interpersonal relations along with empathy through self-awareness. Effective communication is required in all walks of life (Blizard, 2012) Developing ones communication skills requires use of efficient and effective diagnostic tools. The tools used for the assessment of personal communication methods were: Johari window, Nohari window, communication style questionnaire, Fluency severity rating scale and oral speech sample analysis technique. The interpersonal skills can be learned. A person acquires these skills through experiences, through unintentional processes and through unstructured of trial and error (Munodawafa, 2008). To clearly identify the key problem areas in my way of communication i have undertaken the above mentioned five tools and the results for the same were: Jowari Window- score clearly stated through the blind spot that I spoke a little faster and thus people found it difficult to understand what I said and thus asked me to repeat. This has made me realized that I need to slow down while I spoke to clearly send my message across. In this technique I choose 6 characteristics I am aware that I possess and asked my friends to identify the characteristics they thought were suitable for me. I was able to collect 9 feedbacks. My results of Johari window is 66% adaptable and 55% confident. I am able to adjust at any place and in any situation. According to my friends I am 44% energetic, 33% independent, 33% intelligent and 33% confident. The 6 traits selected by me were adaptable, confident, energetic, calm, extrovert and trustworthy; which match to what I have been rated by my friends clearly stating that I am an open book and thus making me send my messages across in a clear manner (Kevan.org, 2006) Nohari Window- this technique has helped me to understand my grid of perception by others. I had filled 5 traits that I knew were my weaknesses. My friends and colleagues were asked to complete the test. The feedbacks from my friends and colleagues including juniors have helped me identify and minimize my weaknesses. 96% people believed that I am a simple person, 87% believed I am a selfish person, 55% stated I am unhappy and 75% stated that I am panicky person (Kevan.org, 2006) As I was working as a sales manager I was given a sales target for me and my team of 6 people. I was to achieve the target within 3 months. I got so busy and involved that I forgot to wish my best friend his birthday and was reminded after a month by him. There are occasions that my colleagues get annoyed as I highlight many mistakes and ask my team to schedule meeting with clients and accompany them so ask to make sure that none of my team member misses their given target. I ignored the fact that this could highlight me as a non-trusting manager and an over involved one when it comes to achieving targets. While I should have allotted my colleagues their targets and asked for action plans for their achievement and show trust and faith in my team I forced them to take me along whenever they met clients. In the communication style questionnaire I received a score of 59 stating that I am being able to predict the peoples response and consider cultural barriers while making conversation. I had received a score in harmonious assertiveness, giving me a good rating for assertive attitude and confidence level (How Good Are Your Communication Skills?, 2017) The score of fluency severity rating scale has helped me understand that I stutter 3-4 words per minute due to an increased speaking rate. The score being 1, I have been classified as 5% to 11% stuttered words and with transitory dysfluencies (Resource Packet, 2009) The oral speech sample analysis highlighted that I speak a little faster and thus leading to a stuttering of a few words too. This technique I had been able to utilize through recording 5 to 10 minutes of oral speech and then analyzing it with the help of my friends. This technique of Curlee and Perkins (1994) suggests collection of 10 minutes of taping to get 5 minutes of a persons talking/oral reading time, then counting the number of syllables in the message and divide it with the total number of minutes the person spoke. In several occasions over my life I had wondered why people ask me to repeat my sentences making me frustrated that why do they not understand things the first time I say it. It was only in my business communication class last year my teacher highlighted that I spoke too fast for the rest of the class to understand. This came as a complete shock to me. That evening I called my mother back home and asked her if I spoke at a higher speed making it difficult for them to understand the first time I say it and she answered yes. I was speechless. I asked her why I was I never told to slow down and corrected, she said because they got used to it over time and thus nobody bothered to correct me, not even my dad. Thus it was in my post grad I realized I spoke faster than the normal rate. When I try to slow down to speak so that others could understand I would stutter. This too was highlighted by my business communications teacher. Thus, the two problem areas in my communication that require improvement are the speed at which I talk and the stuttering of 3-4 words after I have been asked to repeat what I said. Literature Review Effective communication according to Roberts, J. (2009) is passing right information to the right person, in the right time in a right way and with right impact, effect and outcome. Sending a right message to the other person and the person who received has received it correctly and understands it makes effective communication a two-way process. For successful management effective communication is the key (Wong, Saber, Ma, Roberts, 2009) In all walks of life exhibiting efficiency in communication proves significant (Kenneth, 2007). The ABC approach helps to review the principles of effective communication. In the ABC approach A stands for accuracy, B stands for Brevity and C stands for clarity. Accuracy in the message sent is essential because different receiver of the message can interpret it differently. Brevity means being concise. It is essential because if the message is not concise it could get lost in clutter of unnecessary words. Thus sticking to the point is the best way to send a concise message. Clarity of a message can be ensured through the use of right language. Before a message is prepared the audience should be considered carefully. According to Locker and Kaczmarek (2007) if a message does not seem important, relevant and interesting to the audience, the audience would not pay attention to it (Locker Kaczmarek, 2007) Disorders in speech and an inability to express oneself clearly act as a barrier for the overall development in a persons life. Feelings of tension and negative attitude are exhibit in a persons behavior due to the awareness of the disfluency; while fear, embarrassment, shame and frustration engulf the speaker according to Guitar (2006) (Guitar B. , 2006) According to Guitar the beginning of stuttering results in the emergence of prolongation. Guitar also stated that the repetitions are fast and abrupt in the beginning stages. In the intermediate stage the above stated symptoms along with avoidance and periods of block are evident. The speaker also produces inappropriate ending of sound and air. This is due to the immobility of the tongue and lips while speaking. In the last stage the speaker along with the first and the intermediate stage symptoms experience tremors. The speaker requires adult centered treatment program (Guitar B. , 2006) According to Guitar, stuttering may go unnot iced until it reaches advanced stage and tremors occur. Stuttering in young children according to Guitar can hamper a childs overall development. He further asserts that brain is like a computer and too much information can hang it up. Guitar also states that a stutterer becomes conscious while speaking and display emotions of pride, shame, guilt and fear, along with embarrassment. According to Miller and Guitar (2009), therapies based on behavioral, classroom, and instructional management strategies stated below have proven to show positive results. The Lidcombe Therapy- Focuses on behavioral management of people who stutter. Self-Modeling Strategy- within the classroom instructional setting self-modeling strategy can be utilized. Stress Reduction- another instructional and behavioral intervention. Assistive Technology- this technology is beneficial in instructional and behavioral management level. From the above mentioned therapies and techniques self-modeling technique is very helpful for individuals like me who are well aware of the barriers in communication and intent to improve the same (Miller Guitar, 2009). According to Cream, et al, in self-modeling technique various range of speech pattern are used to improve stuttered speech. An extremely unhurried exaggerated form of speech model is developed for the stutter through speech restructuring beginning with an establishment stage or an instatement in self-modeling technique. With the utilization of techniques and methods mentioned in self-modeling one can achieve positive results and improve stuttering problem (Cream, et al., 2010) Yaruss, (2006) stated that if stressors can be identified that triggers stuttering and steps are taken to minimize them the stuttering can be controlled and reduced and also eliminated. He further asserts that an environment in which the stutter is present has an incredible impact also the temperament of the speaker also plays an important role. It is also evident through previous research in the field that collaboration of the various strategies and techniques help to achieve positive results and the collaboration should be in accordance with the speaker in focus. Utilization of the above mentioned strategies in isolation proves null. Yaruss further stated that there are four techniques to speech modeling strategy that can be utilized to eliminate stuttering under communication modification that are: The speaker is able to use and also display simpler and relaxed manner of speaking, To reduce pressures a child may have when communicating by increasing the time gap between speakers turns, Rapid fire questioning has been proven to reduce burden to speak and increase time pressures, and Rephrasing, reflecting and expanding speakers utterances, this will provide positive communication mode (Yaruss, Coleman, Hammer, 2006) According to Curlee and Perkins (1994) the speed at which a person speaks affects the way the receiver perceives not only the message but the sender itself. Speaking fast may present a person as a knowledgeable or a fluent in language but it makes it difficult for the receivers to understand the message clearly and thus reducing the impact of the message itself. As stated by Perkin a persons speed of speaking can be calculated by examining the number of words they speak per minute or the syllable they speak per minute. This helps to understand the abnormalities in a persons way of communication (Curlee Perkins, 1994) Further, it is also important according to Perkins that the speech naturalness is also analyzed. For the same according to Ingham, et al (2009) a 9-point naturalness scale is to be used to determine if the speech has a natural sound quality. The listeners in this test should be SLTs or nave listeners like lay persons or graduates. The subjective judgments should be made at a 15 minute intervals from highly natural or highly unnatural, despite the fluency percentage. The total judgments should be at least 10 in number (Ingham, Bothe, Jang, Yates, Cotton, Seybold, 2009)(Edge, 2010) The Fluency Severity Rating Scale is only to b used when the entire assessment of the speakers fluency performance has been made. Thus, it is only logical to assess the fluency at last. Action Plan for the next 6 months: After completion of the assignment it is clear that the two problem areas identified that is the speed talking and stuttering when asked to repeat, needs improvement and thus I have established a six month plan to improve my communication skills. A collaborative method would be required because as stated earlier positive results could only be achieved if the above mentioned strategies are collaborated. Thus, self-modeling along with stress reducer and fluency severity rating techniques will be collaborated together for positive effective and efficient results, under the supervision of a mentor. The aim would be to eliminate the stressors and then work through stuttering towards reduction of word count; this is because speaking fast comes naturally to me and this is due to my fast reading capacity. So, though I would intent and practice to speak slowly and clearly there might occur instances where in flow of the moment I might speak fast and if asked to flow down or repeat it should not act as a stressor and I should not stutter. Goals Timeline Actions Deadline Achievement/Status Improvement in communication skills- speaking, reading, listening, i.e. verbal and non-verbal. 5th Feb 2017 to 17th July 2017 Find a mentor, 5th Feb to 15th Feb Take reading and speaking sessions - - Establish a working reading and speaking session on a daily basis with VSM for analysis and improvement 15thFeb-5th July Application of self-modeling technique to eliminate stuttering - - Self-modeling 10 minute recording sessions with mentor 16th Feb-16th April Application of Curlee Perkins techniques to bring word count to 250 words per minuite - - Sessions with mentor to check SPM and Naturalness 17th May-17th July Take a 3 month short course of communication at CQU. - 3 month short course in communication for overall communication skill development The next course session available in 2017-2018 The tests and techniques discussed above have helped me to develop a workable action plan with future analysis and improvement in my communication skills. The techniques can be utilized by anyone willing to improve their communication skills self-modeling might be cumbersome because it requires extra video equipment, which might not be possible for everyone to arrange. Many schools and personnel willing to utilize this strategy would find it difficult to record every student and there also if the parents do not permit tapping of the child this strategy can prove to be a challenge (Ward, 2008). On the other hand stress reducer strategy is most effective for budget conscience schools and personnel. References How Good Are Your Communication Skills? (2017, January 31). Retrieved January 31, 2017, from Mindtools: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCS_99.htm Blizard, J. L. (2012). The importance of effective communication. Aorn Journal, 319-320. Cream, A., O'Brian, S., Jones, M., Block, S., Harrison, E., Lincoln, M., et al. (2010). Randomized Controlled Trial of Video Self-Modeling Following Speech Restructuring Treatment for Stuttering. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Curlee, F., Perkins, H. (1994). Nature and Treatment of Stuttering: New Directions. San Diego: College-Hill Press. Edge, R. L. (2010). MEASURING SPEECH NATURALNESS OF CHILDREN WHO DO AND DO NOT STUTTER: THE EFFECT OF TRAINING AND SPEAKER GROUP ON SPEECH NATURALNESS RATINGS AND AGREEMENT SCORES WHEN MEASURED BY INEXPERIENCED. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from GETD: https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/edge_robin_l_201208_phd.pdf Guitar, B. (2006). Stuttering: An integrated approach to its nature and treatment. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Williams. Guitar, B. (2006). Stuttering: An Integrated Approach to Its Nature and Treatment. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Ingham, R. J., Bothe, A. K., Jang, E., Yates, L., Cotton, J., Seybold, I. (2009). Measurement of Speech Effort During Fluency-Inducing Conditions in Adults who Do and Do Not Stutter. Journal of Speech Hearing Research, 1286-1301. Kenneth, C. H. (2007). Developing Effective Communication Skills. Journal of Oncology Practice, 314-. Kevan.org. (2006, February 11). Johari Window. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from Kevan: https://kevan.org/johari Kevan.org. (2006, February 12). The Nohari Window. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from Kevan: https://kevan.org/nohari Locker, K. O., Kaczmarek, S. K. (2007). Business Communication: Building Critical Skills with Bcomm Grademax`. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Miller, B., Guitar, B. (2009). Long-term outcome of the Lidcombe Program for early stuttering intervention. National Center for Biotechnology Information Journals, 42-49. Munodawafa, D. (2008). Communication: concepts, practice and challenges. Health Education Research Journal, 369-370. Resource Packet. (2009). Assesment of Speech: Fluency. Tennessee : Department of Education. Ward, D. (2008). Stuttering and Cluttering: Frameworks for Understanding and Treatment. Psychology Press. Wong, R. Y., Saber, S. S., Ma, I., Roberts, M. J. (2009). Using television shows to teach communication skills in internal medicine residency. BMC Medical Education Journal . Yaruss, J., Coleman, C., Hammer, D. (2006). Treating preschool children who stutter: description and preliminary evaluation of a family-focused treatment approach. Journal of Language Hearing Research, 118-136.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

DNA Structure Essay Example For Students

DNA Structure Essay The Thread of Life, is deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA. Thismolecule which is the bases of life, is spiral shaped and found in the nucleusof cells. DNA has the genetic code for bodies, controls development ofembryos, and is able to repair damage caused to itself. All DNA moleculeshave linked units called nucleotides. These nucleotides have sub-units that have5 carbon sugars that are called deoxyribose. DNA is composed of four basescalled adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. These are some of the mainprinciples of DNA. What we know today about structure of DNA begins in 1868 whena Swiss biologist Friedrich Miescher did the first experiments on the nuclei ofcells. Miescher used the nuclei of pus cells from old medical bandages. In thesepus cells he found What We know today about structure of DNA begins in 1868 whena Swiss biologist Friedrich Miescher did the first experiments on the nuclei ofcells. Miescher used the nuclei of pus cells from old medical bandages. In thesepu s cells he found phosphorus with a substance he called nuclein. This nucleinhas an acidic portion which is classified as DNA. Another scientist Thomas HuntMorgan made an important discovery around 1900. He observed that certaincharacteristics were inherited quickly through numerous generations of fruitflies. So he made the conclusion that these genes must be near one another onthe chromosome. In 1943 Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty, threescientists working in the Rockefeller institute, preformed an experiment bytaking DNA from a virulent (disease-causing) strain of Streptococcus pneumonaeand transformed a non-virulent (inactive) form back to a virulent form. Avery,MacLeod, and McCarty discovered from their experiments that DNA carried avirulent message that can be transferred into the recipient of non-virulentcells. This proved that DNA was a carrier of genetic information. An importantdiscovery of the 1940s was the discovery by Erwin Chargaff who establishedthat her editys alphabet which are the four bases adenine (A), guanine(G), thymine (T), and cytosine(C) can occur in different orders in differentorganisms. In 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick put forth a radical new ideaabout DNA. Their idea suggested that the DNA molecule was made up of two helicalchains instead of three intertwined chains as previously thought. Today we havea strong knowledge of DNA and scientists are applying that knowledge to a threebillion dollar project called the human genome project. This project willexamine the structure of human DNA and map out every single gene in the humanbody and will take 15 years. The strong knowledge that we have of DNA allows thescientist to map out the genes at about 1 to 2 per day. This may not seem to bea very fast rate but scientists have already found the genes that cause diseasessuch as Hunningtons, Lou Gerhigs, and the Bubble-Boy disease. Another way that we use our strong knowledge of DNA is in criminalidentification. This plays a major role in todays society. Because eachpersons DNA is different (except in identical twins) police officers can takeblood or semen samples from a crime scene and take them to the lab foridentification. This can insure the guilt or innocence of a suspect. An exampleof this is the O.J. Simpson case where investigators tried to match O.J.s DNAto the DNA at the scene of the crime. Another way scientists apply theirknowledge of DNA today is by using special enzymes called restriction enzymesthat cut through the phosphate of DNA and these cut ends are called stickyends because they easily attract other tails from other DNA. Scientist usethese restriction enzymes for genetic engineering by removing a gene from oneorganism to another. In the future DNA has great possibilities for thebetterment of mankind and also the detriment. The most obvious and controversialpossibility would be the cloning o f humans. Scientists have already cloned sheepand other such organisms but have yet to take the step for cloning a human eventhough the technology is in place, the ethics of this may not be. The method toarrive at is quite simple. The embryo of an organism is removed in the earlydevelopment stage from the uterus then split and each separate part is placed ina surrogate uterus. Scientist are trying to clone organisms beyond the earlyembryonic stages, making for a much more difficult challenge. In 1996 Scottishscientists were able to clone a sheep, Dolly, by taking skin cells of a donorsheep and were deprived of nutrients to halt cell production. Then anunfertilized egg is taken from another sheep with its nucleus removed, to eraseany genetic information and then finally fused with the skin cells from thefirst donor sheep. Though Dolly characteristics are the same as the sheep thatthe skin cells were taken from, she is not a 100% clone. She is not a true clonebecause not all organisms are found in the nucleus and therefore still retainsome of the traits from the surrogate sheep. The human Genome Project that issaid to be done by 2005 will sequence more 35 million pairs of human DNA. .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .postImageUrl , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:hover , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:visited , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:active { border:0!important; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:active , .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u813d9c5b1b68e191516c0528d26fda5c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Under Ground Railroad EssayBecause of such advanced technologies in the future and continually growingknowledge of DNA we may be able to find cures for such diseases as cancer orAIDS or even deformities such as sickle cell anemia or down syndrome. DNAtechnology is one of the leading sciences going into the 21st century. Becauseit could potentially cure or eliminate such diseases or deformities as AIDS ordown syndrome it could also potentially harm us in the future with more lethalbiological weapons. However anything dealing with DNA is a highly complicatedand sensitive issue to most people. This knowledge is so powerful that we areable to play God, in a sense, and crea te or alter any organism we choose. Thatis why I believe that for the betterment of mankind we must regulate andrestrict this information to insure that it is used for ethical purposes ofmankind. Science